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They are feeding on stale bread, rotting mangoes, overripe cantaloupe and squishy zucchini. For pork, it takes four pounds. But both said their insect feed prices are on par with to slightly above competing feeds like fishmeal. “If there was a big change in how animals are being fed, I’d want to see some extra scrutiny of whether the animals were accumulating any kinds of toxins from the insects,” he said.”Fish farming is growing fast with growing consumer demand and increasing concerns about overfishing, resulting in catch restrictions in many depleted fisheries. Beta Hatch is chasing the same market. “Since fish eat insects in the wild naturally, it is easier for consumers to wrap their heads around insects as part of the feed,” Cargill’s Anquetil said.FEEDING BUGS TO FISHCargill conducted an insect-based feed trial on poultry in 2015, but the company’s efforts with insects have since focused on bolstering its growing aquaculture business, where demand for alternative proteins is most acute.”The fact that such global food production giants are Aluminum Angle Connectors suppliers turning to insects illustrates the lengths they will go to find alternative sources of protein that are profitable and sustainable as animal feed or additives to human food. The small company’s mealworms - larvae of the mealworm beetle - will likely end up as fish food as Emery expands her business with the help of an investment from Wilbur Ellis, whose fish-farming customers have pressed for sustainable alternatives to fishmeal. Introducing insect protein further down the food chain may be more palatable.“Fishmeal has a limited supply, and aquaculture is continuing to grow,” said Andrew Loder, president of Wilbur Ellis’ feed division.

“We see insect meal as one piece of a solution. But fish farms cannot rely solely on crop-based feeds to nourish their naturally carnivorous stock. “If we are able to be successful in Europe, then this will be a global solution,” said Protix CEO Kees Aarts.LANGLEY, British Columbia: Layers of squirming black soldier fly larvae fill large aluminium bins stacked 10-high in a warehouse outside of Vancouver.Protix opened its first commercial black soldier fly larvae plant in the Netherlands in 2017 and will break ground on a second facility there later this year, aided by a million investment from Buhler.Fishmeal is made from wild-caught anchoveta, herring and other oily fish that represents about 25 percent of a typical aquaculture feed ration, which typically also includes grains or soybean meal.The bug business still has a few hurdles ahead - like the yuck factor, even when the insects are fed to animals.Global population growth and an expanding middle class have raised per capita meat consumption by 50 percent over the past four decades, fuelling fears of a protein pinch.The small but growing insect farming sector has captured attention and investments from some heavyweights in the 0 billion-a-year animal feed business, including U. People tend to pivot from grain- and plant-based diets to meat-based meals as they grow wealthier. agricultural powerhouse Cargill Inc [CARG.It will take years for the insect farming sector to scale up. “They are considered filth in the food system,” said Virginia Emery, CEO of Beta Hatch, which grows mealworms above an auto body shop near Seattle-Tacoma Airport. “This pioneering work is currently at the proof-of-concept stage,” Nicola Robinson, McDonald’s Corp sustainable supply chain manager, told Reuters.Expanded cultivation of soybeans - the foundation of livestock and poultry rations for decades - is not a long term solution because it contributes to deforestation and overuse of harsh farm chemicals. Warming oceans in some areas have also disrupted supplies.

The Dutch company, working with fish farmers, has also launched a brand of “friendly salmon,” fed with rations containing insect meal instead of fishmeal. Black soldier fly larvae also contain high levels of calcium and iron and can feed on a broad array of food waste. But growing the business to even a small market share would make a big difference to the feed industry and the environment, said Robert Nathan Allen, an insect farmer and chairman of the North American Coalition for Insect Agriculture.N) is studying using insects for chicken feed to reduce reliance on soy protein. “If we’re replacing 5 or 10 percent of the proteins that are normally in those feeds with insect protein,” Allen said, “That’s a lot of resources saved. Black soldier fly larvae production has gained a handful of approvals in Europe, Canada and the United States, mostly for use in fish farms. “We are encouraged by initial results and are committed to continuing to support further research. They’re also noisy, and can damage nearby crops if they escape. “You can feed an animal all grain, and it will grow, but it may not grow as quickly and efficiently and may be prone to disease,” said Andrew Vickerson, chief technology officer at Enterra.Fast food giant McDonald’s (MCD.REGULATORY HURDLES Humans have been eating insects for centuries, but the practice is not common in many western cultures and still spooks food regulators.”“Sustainable protein is a key challenge, which is why Cargill is evaluating the viability of insects as part of the solution to nourish the world,” Anquetil said.UL], feed supplier and farm products and services company Wilbur-Ellis Co and Swiss-based Buhler Group, which makes crop processing machinery. Nutritionists and scientists have long touted insect consumption for humans as a sustainable and cheap source of protein, but snacking on bugs is a stomach-churning prospect for people in many countries and cultures.Benoit Anquetil - strategy and technology lead for Cargill’s animal nutrition business - called developing new sources of protein a “long-term opportunity.HIGH IN PROTEIN, FATInsect farmers grow black soldier fly larvae and mealworms because they are docile, easy to grow and high in protein and digestible fat.S. It typically takes about two pounds of feed to produce a pound of chicken.But this is no garbage dump.

Thorough safety testing of insects as feed will be critical for consumer acceptance, said Thomas Gremillion, director for the Food Policy Institute at the Consumer Federation of America. Bugs are just one many alternatives being studied or developed by major agricultural firms. That means fish eaten by humans will increasingly come from farms - driving up demand and prices for fish feed. Mealworms can be grown with little water and studies have shown they can “rescue” nutrients by consuming grains not fit for livestock production without passing on harmful toxins. Others include peas, canola, algae and bacterial proteins. Enterra Feed, one of an emerging crop of insect growers, will process the bugs into protein-rich food for fish, poultry - even pets. The problem is that as meat demand grows, feed production needs to grow faster.Crickets - a favourite for human consumption in some countries - are by contrast picky eaters. It’s a farm. After being fattened up, the fly larvae will be roasted, dried and bagged or pressed to extract oils, then milled into a brown powder that smells like roasted peanuts. Regulators will also need to be convinced that ground-up bugs won’t introduce new toxins into the food supply. Enterra is expanding to a second commercial-scale plant in Calgary within the next year and targeting opening similar facilities in other North American cities every year for the next five years, with financing from Calgary-based Avrio Capital and UK-based Wheat Sheaf. Traditional sources of the key macronutrient are growing increasingly unreliable amid a changing global climate and worries about the environmental impacts of row-crop farms and commercial fishing.”. Poultry, swine and pet food regulations are not as far along. Ohio-based EnviroFlight, a black soldier fly larvae producer, will break ground on the first commercial-scale insect meal production facility in the United States near Cincinnati later this year.In addition, supplies of fishmeal - an aquaculture feed made from wild-caught fish and fish by-products - have fluctuated wildly with climactic cycles, overfishing and regulation to prevent it.Neither company would disclose the production غير مجاز مي باشدts or capacity, citing proprietary technology

Towards this end he has American boots on the ground in Syria, for which a prohibitive bill will be submitted to an embattled Saudi King-to-be, running helter skelter between Yemen, Syria, Qatar and the occupants of Riyadh’s Ritz Carlton Hotel. Mr Bolton, after all, is only part of a larger continuum.Mr Wilkerson, the perennial insider, draws comparisons with the current mood in Washington. A key player in his team was Robert Stephens Ford, whom Mr Negroponte praised sky high because he had the courage to “wear his flak jacket and go out of the high-security Green Zone to meet contacts”.The US was not running away from its West Asian responsibilities. And then defang *** in every possible way, including military action. Bush’s ambassador to the United Nations but while he served in an interim capacity for over a year, the US Congress didn’t confirm him because of his intemperate style.While his buddies across the Atlantic are in convulsions over Russian President Vladimir Putin dispensing nerve agents on the streets of Britain, Mr Trump has made a quiet telephonic contact with the same Russian gent. The date is significant because exactly 15 years ago, on February 5, 2003, Colin Powell, former secretary of state, spoke at the UN, making out a case for a pre-emptive war with Iraq.Just like Gen. The legitimacy conferred on *** after the nuclear deal made it a key player in the new West Asian balance of power which Washington was proposing.

Other players in this arrangement would be Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Qatar.“It’s astonishing how similar that moment was to Powell’s 2003 presentation. But Saudi Arabia and Israel, sleeping in the same bed in Syria, were totally averse to having *** as a player in the new West Asian balance. Donald Trump has committed no such misdemeanor so far. He learnt the hard way that both he and his boss had been set on a fool’s errand by the intelligence community. It’s Happening Again. No one can make out whether he is cooing or barking at the Kremlin.” Who is pushing America into a conflict with ***?“Avigdor Lieberman (Israeli defence minister) and Benjamin Netanyahu and their acolytes in this country (US), among whom I put Nikki Haley — they have determined that it would be best if American troops also participated in the overthrow of the Tehran regime. The pivot to Asia had acquired greater saliency in Mr Obama’s scheme.Washington’s current policy towards ***, which carries Mr Trump’s son-in-law Jared Kushner’s imprimatur, is quite transparent — leave it outside the regional order that the US seeks to impose in West Asia (Middle East). Congress now has to toss a coin on who is more intemperate: the US President or his NSA? He was to have taken over from John Negroponte who, more than secretary of state Colin Powell, was the key hawk in the run-up to the occupation of Iraq in April 2003. He then turfed out Russian diplomats.This clearly is not the whole truth. China’s extraordinary rise required the US to pay greater attention to the Pacific region. There were no WMDs in Iraq. Powell’s chief of staff, who actually helped draft the speech, was Lawrence Wilkerson, now a much chastened man. Caligula elevated his horse to Cabinet rank.

“I think they were the Islamic State”, he said with certainty. As candidate he had told Jake Tapper of CNN that billions of dollars had been given to groups in Syria who may well have been the Islamic State.His testimony to the House Foreign Affairs Committee on February 6, 2018, contains the blueprint for West Asia, of which *** is today the most combustible part. But no one can bet on the future. Note the continuity in personnel from Iraq to Syria and now ***. By this logic, Arnab Goswami must be in line for a Cabinet slot soon. It was galling for the Israeli-Saudi duet when Russia, with the help of ***-controlled militias and Turkey’s switch in favour of Bashar al-Assad, turned the tide in Syria. Were two opposite points of view competing for the attention of the US Congress?The New York Times Op-Ed page headline said it all:“I Helped Sell the False Choice of War Once.President Donald Trump was so impressed by John Bolton’s hawkishness on Fox News that he appointed him his national security adviser.” There is nothing about the present White House that leaves one sanguine on any count. This entailed that day-to-day supervision of West Asian affairs by the US would no longer be possible. The interview is available on YouTube.” The column, written by Col.This is when Mr Trump appeared in the White House, not quite Caligula incarnate but more or less there. Lawrence Wilkerson, intervened on the theme publicly on February 5. It would be rank bad form to compare the President of the United States with Caligula, but folks are making that comparison to good effect.When did you last hear of a senior diplomat go out to meet contacts in the midst of a civil war turning into an insurgency?It was this experience which came in handy when Mr Ford became ambassador to Damascus. Under the cover of the so-called Arab Spring, he drove to Daraa, Homs, Hama in 2011, major centres of the insurgency which, over time, became, the Syrian civil war.The Custom Automatic Connectors 2015 nuclear deal with *** was signed within a certain conceptual framework.. Remember those satellite pictures, sinister vehicular movement, “confirming” the presence of weapons of mass destruction in that blighted country.“Just over a month ago, the US ambassador to the UN, Nikki Haley, said the administration had “undeniable” evidence that *** was not complying with the Security Council resolutions regarding its ballistic missile programme and Yemen.

This is the exact opposite of the order that Barack Obama-John Kerry had sketched out for the region.Gen. Lawrence Wilkerson, appeared on February 5, 2018. He was named George W. For greater continuity in the theme partly scripted by him, he took over as ambassador to Baghdad. Powell, Ms Haley showed satellite images and other physical evidence available only to the US Intelligence community to “prove her case”. By a coincidence, Colin Powell’s former chief of staff, Col.Instead of wasting money on questionable groups, Mr Trump has fallen back on a strategy closest to his heart: making money

But however much China may invest by running down its reserves, it will be irrational to expect near double-digit expansion when the demographic trends are against it. But this is taking the best-case scenario for India, and a more pessimistic scenario for China..The real problems in China will get accentuated, as exports to the US and EU will slow down, as the US in particular is determined to reduce its trade gap. This is a made-to-order situation for strategists and leaders in the three countries to ply their trade with plenty of worst-case scenarios. By 2050 Square Nut with Spring Leaf it will account for about over 50 per cent of world GDP, with India or China having the biggest GDP. But on past form, China’s leaders will continue to worry more about internal threats to their control than external ones.If one were a Chinese planner, he/she will be looking with concern over India’s growth and increasing ability to project power in the Indian Ocean Region. That is that the Indian and Chinese economies are now in two entirely different stages of development. Both have too much to lose by it.Geography and recent history have made the India-China relationship a difficult one, and one in which the United States will find ample space and opportunity to inveigle itself to its advantage.

They exist in different orbits of the world economy.In recent weeks there has been much talk about a “Quadrilateral” of nations – the US, Japan, Australia and India — to confront the spread of China’s dominance. Therefore, we must look at the present. China will naturally attempt to overcome this by stimulating domestic consumption and can even finance it by slowly reducing its foreign reserves, as Saudi Arabia and others are doing now.4 trillion. Last year, spending on internal security outstripped military spending for the first time. How China moves and acts in the future will affect the developed economies enormously as it has been the major provider of growth for the past two decades, and India’s growth had little bearing or derived little benefit from it.Now if one were an Indian planner, he/she would be looking at the China-Pakistan axis with askance. Its Communist Party is presiding over the world’s largest military buildup.3 billion people, India’s might stabilise at 1.

That it will be growing long after China gets walking sticks. Peace and growing economic interdependence are more viable options. China’s defence budget has almost certainly experienced double-digit growth for two decades. Yet in recent years there has been much speculation about the emerging rivalry between India and China. While China’s population has now stabilised at 1. In the meantime, China just keeps growing. But the Indian political discourse gives no inkling of any awareness of this or inclination to put immediate politics aside for a certain period to set course for the long term.This is not a sum that India can match, and the last thing we need is to get caught up in a numbers game. A slowed-down China now growing at 6. For a start, China’s GDP is more than four and a half times bigger than India’s. There is not even a glimmer of that now. Hope is a good thing, but wishful thinking leads to serious consequences. Where will the world get its next growth engine? Demography favours India.China’s aggressive soft power diplomacy has widely been seen as arguably the most important element in shaping the Indian Ocean strategic environment, transforming the entire region’s dynamics. But we must not forget that unlike the United States, Japan and Australia, who are physically distant from China, India lives cheek by jowl with it, sharing a long and contested frontier. The planner will also note what experts are saying about India’s growth trajectory. India has had conflicts and still perceives threats from both, jointly and severally. It is Indian and Chinese troops that face each other eyeball to eyeball. By providing large loans on generous repayment terms, investing in major infrastructure projects such as the building of roads, dams, ports, power plants, and railways, and offering military assistance and political support in the UN Security Council through its veto power, China is actively buying goodwill and influence among countries in the Indian Ocean region. The Tibetan desert, once intended to be India’s buffer against the north, has now become China’s buffer against India. Also, low-غير مجاز مي باشدt production is shifting to other low-labour غير مجاز مي باشدts economies like Vietnam and Indonesia. There are three limiting factors.But what does this imply for the world’s power structure? True, the world’s economic fulcrum will shift to Asia. The high growth period in China is petering off and that is the transition we must watch out for.

We must be careful and realistic when we analyse our prospects and decide on our actions. India’s youthful demographics favour its continued growth for a much longer period.China is big not merely in terms of territory and population, but also military might.That said, the threat from China should also not be exaggerated. Sipri usually adds about 50 per cent to the official figure that China gives for its defence spending, because even basic military items such as research and development are kept off budget.However, demographics seem to favour India, but it is still for India to show that it can take advantage of it. With a rapidly ageing population, it is also a good bet that meeting the demand for better healthcare will become a higher priority than maintaining military spending. The list of countries that are coming within China’s strategic orbit appears to be growing.The note of elation that seems to have crept into our discourse because of India’s GDP growth once gain creeping past China’s can’t be missed. Already Asia’s GDP exceeds that of the United States and the European Union. That is just a fact too — one that the rest of the world has to come to terms with. That it is the ultimate pivot state in the grand struggle for primacy between the West led by the US and Japan, and China. But we must also keep in mind that India seldom meets its promise, while China has made a habit of surprising the naysayers. Thus, even if India keeps growing at the present rate of about seven per cent, its GDP could surpass that of a China with a declining growth rate by 2050. Its military leaders constantly stress that the development of what is still only a middle-income country with a lot of very poor people takes precedence over military ambition. A good deal of this is due to the fact that India too has joined China in the high GDP growth club.According to Sipri, a research institute, annual defence spending rose from over billion in 2000 to almost 5 billion in 2016. Conflict cannot be a standoff affair for both nations. First, unlike the former Soviet Union, China has a vital national interest in the stability of the global economic system. But this is in the future, and often the future has a habit of not happening as predicted.The real test of China’s willingness to keep military spending constant to GDP will come when China’s headlong economic growth starts to slow further.For India to pick up the Chinese slack and matter to the world, it needs to be posting a more frenetic 9-10 per cent over the next decade or more. It will hence seem that India and China are destined to live out the foreseeable future as rivals, if not adversaries. A one-party dictatorship will always be able to outspend us, even if our GDPs get closer. Because its population has stabilised, China is rapidly aging, which means that its economic growth will inevitably slow down. Its GDP is now about trillion, while India is inching towards .6 per cent still adds 0-800 billion to global growth, while a speeded-up India now growing at more than seven per cent adds a mere 0 billion. But the elation misses an essential reality.6 billion around 2050

*** needs investments, markets for its petroleum resources and to wean India away from the Saudi-UAE corner.India-*** trade gets imbalanced due to Indian oil imports, which averaged about 450,000 barrels a day last year.President Rouhani has vast experience as a long-serving national security adviser of his country. In the past, India sought to lease land for its own free zone in Chabahar, to overcome Indian investors’ reservations about ***ian regulations and bureaucracy. Both support a “strong, democratic and independent Afghanistan”. The two countries will soon finalise a Preferential Trade Agreement and Bilateral Investment Treaty. India extends support to the Joint Comprehensive Programme of Action (JCPOA) — the nuclear deal — which Mr Trump may scowl at. Multi-modal connectivity via *** was attempted since the headier days of the 1990s’ ***-India romance. The same fear will resurface now. Khan’s intercepted shipments to Libya.

***ians practise “Taqiya”, or dissimulation, while Indian politicians follow Chanakya. The easing of visas is good, but travel by Indian visitors to *** will remain a challenge as dress restrictions for women and cultural and food barriers remain.Q. The US sanctions dissuaded them, as they feared their global businesses being impacted. India should be leasing some berths. This lingers close to the “root causes” argument, which India abhors. Confrontation with Washington is imminent as Tehran is unlikely to roll back its strategic alliances across the Shia world, including with Yemen. In the early 2000s, the Tatas and Essar had planned steel plants near Bandar Abbas. This may be difficult as *** tends to mix commercial and strategic issues, dragging its feet if dissatisfied over Indian diplomatic support. From 2003, as India began its own nuclear parleys with the United States, *** was left explaining its clandestine nuclear programme, revealed by Pakistan’s A. The Persian language and culture came with Humayun when he re-acquired the Indian throne after exile in ***.. The interest of Pasargad Bank, ***’s second largest, is listed. Mr Rouhani favours more cultural China Profile T Bolts Manufacturers freedom for ***ians but is stymied by radical clerics. Therefore, appropriately, a Festival of India is planned in *** in 2018-19.It is good that the ***ian President’s long-overdue visit finally took place, ignoring the US unhappiness or Saudi or Emirati fears. He has domestically marketed the nuclear deal, over the undoubted objections of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and its clerical supporters, as necessary for critical investments in ***. The India-*** joint statement of February 17 reflects this reality.In the field of oil and gas, the Rouhani government failed to get Indian oil majors control of even fields where discovery has been made by Indian companies. The commentary in the Indian media about India taking over the port is baloney as revolutionary *** doesn’t transfer strategic assets to foreign powers.Support for the International North-South Transport Corridor is restated.***’s cultural links with India have always exceeded those with Arabs.

In reality, *** is investing in the Taliban and a bigger American presence in Afghanistan, which India openly welcomes. Audiences attending cultural events at foreign embassies often get hassled when back on the street.The first phase of Shahid Beheshti Port — Chabahar — stands completed. *** wants infrastructure development at Indian غير مجاز مي باشدt.On combating terrorism, both sides agreed to “address conditions conducive to terrorism as well as extremist ideologies”. China, on the other hand, scores on this count and has thus gained space at the غير مجاز مي باشدt of India and Japan since 2003. Mr Trump’s Riyadh visit endorsing the anti-*** Saudi-convened conclave of Sunni nations reversed the US pivot and destabilised West Asia and the Gulf.Tehran’s nuclear deal in 2015 with the P5+1 (Germany, along with the five permanent members of the UN Security Council), resulted from then US President Barack Obama’s surmise that an unshackled *** was necessary to roll back the ISIS in West Asia. But *** saddling each trans-shipment from one mode to the other with exorbitant charges made corridors economically unviable. Additionally, lack of enough return-trade from destinations in Central Asia, Russia and Europe led to containers piling up at destinations. The Confederation of Indian Industry setting up an office in Tehran may help. *** has always sought more of its banks to open branches in India.*** has invited India to set up fertiliser, petrochemical and metallurgical plants in the Chabahar free trade zone. India needs an assured supply of oil and gas, and in times of rising oil prices and widening trade deficits it gets an advantage paying in rupees. The balancing of India’s ties with ***, amongst a complex medley of actors in the Islamic world, will remain a major challenge for Indian diplomacy. Thus, unlike the period 1990-2003 when strategic convergence between India and *** grew over the Pakistani influence in Afghanistan and rise of the Taliban, from 2003 the dissonance dominated, exacerbated by the United States. But *** has been engaging China over Chabahar, and India may find its imagined monopoly somewhat compromised.***ian President Hassan Rouhani’s February 15-17 visit to India came 15 years after the last visit by an ***ian head of government. The Chabahar-Zahedan railway link, debated for long, would not help with Afghan or Central Asian connectivity as any trans-shipment from port to train and back to truck within *** will be time-consuming and غير مجاز مي باشدt escalating. Mr Rouhani’s visit to India takes place against this background and Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s personalised outreach to Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Israel. ***ian support to India would only cover India’s development projects, and not any Indian security footprint.Mr Trump’s threats, followed by the widespread public protests in *** over inflation and diversion of resources to Shia allies abroad, have left Mr Rouhani exposed.

Non-oil goods trade has remained at around billion annually, and is largely evenly balanced. President Donald Trump came into office decrying that deal. A Double Taxation Agreement was finally signed, which had been under negotiation since the late 1990s. It is now stated that “negotiations for reaching appropriate result” would be undertaken. The Farzad B gas field demonstrates this dilemma

These competing emotions have made the future status of Jerusalem to be the symbolic pivot, for tilting scales in favour of either the Israelis or the Arabs. Adherents of these monotheistic faiths believe in Prophet Abraham as their common forefather. The Israelis call Jerusalem the “eternal capital of Jewish people”, whereas the state of Palestine (a US observer state, recognised by 136 UN member states) calls East Jerusalem its capital city, in an overlapped clash of territorial counter-claims.The date palm and cypress tree lined old quarters of Jerusalem host the Temple Mount (Haram Al-Sharif), which the Jews believe was the location of the “First Temple” to house the Ark of the Covenant (housing the Ten Commandments) in a special room called the “Holy of Holies”.

The commonality of heritage and ancestry is inherently implied in the China Economy T Nuts Suppliers composite Islamic term “People of the book” to also include Jews, Christians and Sabians.The writer is a retired lieutenant-general and a former lieutenant-governor of Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Puducherry.Despite the theological beliefs and ethical principles underlying the affinity within the “Abrahamic religions”, the “city of peace”, Jerusalem, has been destroyed at least twice (by Babylonians, Romans and even Mongols), besieged 23 times, attacked 52 times and exchanged hands 44 times! The centuries old struggle to control Jerusalem led to the division of the old city into the Armenian, Jewish, Christian and Muslim quarters. Abraham (Avraham in Hebrew) is believed to be the patriarch of “Israelites” in Judaism (through his descendants Issac and Jacob), in Christianity he is the “father in faith” and in Islam, Abraham’s (Ibrahim’s) son Ishmael is seen as the ancestor of the Arabs. Oddly, this city and cradle of “Abrahamic religions” is also at the heart of the hypothesis of the “clash of the civilisations”, propounded by American political scientist Samuel P. Yet again, the lightening rod threatens to strike the Abrahamic divides that have endured with the rules of the Roman, Byzantine, Umayyad, Mameluke, Crusader, British, Arab and now the Jewish state.The clashing claims have resulted in many interfaith bloodsheds, with the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO) successfully centralising the issue of “Jerusalem” to the Palestinian resistance, that was subsequently escalated by other factions and supporters like Hamas, Hezbollah and the ***ian establishment which went to the extent of observing “Jerusalem Day” and concurrently threatened to “wipe Israel off the map”.However, Donald Trump is no Bill Clinton or George Bush who chose to keep the lid on the issue of Jerusalem, and certainly not Barack Obama, who went on to support a UN Security Council resolution that criticised Israel for its settlement activities in West Bank and Jerusalem.

This contentious move was further escalated by Israel when the Israeli Knesset passed the “Jerusalem Law” in 1980 to legitimise the Israeli claim of integrity and unity of “Greater Jerusalem” (Yerushalayim rabati). However, it is the ancient city of “Urusalima”, now known as Jerusalem that is the coveted holy city at the heart of the modern-day strife.Abrahamic religions” like Judaism, Christianity and Islam account for more than half of the world’s population. It further allowed Israel to protect the holy places from “desecration and any violation and from anything likely to violate the freedom of access of members of the different religions to the places sacred to them or their feelings towards those places”. Historically, the move to declare Jerusalem to be the capital of Israel was a favourite bogey in the run-up to the US presidential elections (given the power of the Jewish lobby), and usually put on the backburner after the elections as the derivative value and potential outcomes emanating from such a contentious declaration simply did not make sense. In Christianity too, the significance of Jerusalem is conserved in the Septuagint which Christians adopted as their authority, and reiterated in the New Testament on account of Jesus’ crucifixion here — the Garden Tomb, Condemnation Chapel, Chapel of Flagellation, etc, are deeply revered for their religious import.

This changed after the “six-day war” of 1967, when Israel captured and annexed East Jerusalem parts, setting the tone for the modern day “Abrahamic divide”. On the contrary, Mr Trump has decided to stir the hornets’ nest by provocatively threatening to declare Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.The major implication was the designation of Jerusalem (“complete and united”) as the capital of Israel, the seat of the Israeli President, the Knesset, the government and the Supreme Court. The historical Abrahamic lands are called the “holy lands” (“biblical lands”) that are in the arid swathes between the Jordan river and the Mediterranean Sea, including the modern states of Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria with towns like Bethlehem, Nazareth, Hebron, Damascus, etc, dotting the restive areas. The more recent history of the Zionism and the war of 1948 leading to the creation of Israel also saw the division of the city of Jerusalem into two parts — West Jerusalem was captured by Israel, while East Jerusalem, including the old city was captured by Jordan. In Islam, the Haram Al-Sharif (noble sanctuary) is the third holiest site after Mecca and Medina, where the rock under the Dome of the Rock (near Al-Aqsa Mosque) is where Prophet Muhammad left Earth to go to heaven on a winged horse — it was said to be the direction for Islamic prayers before God allowed Prophet Muhammad to pray facing Mecca. The fledgling peace process in the region could implode with the furies over the expected outrage from such a move in the Arab world. Besides the Arabs, the EU, Russians and most other powers have slammed the Trump move, which if carried out, effectively closes the door on East Jerusalem as the future capital of a fully-independent Palestine. Huntington. Already the region is reeling under the imploding faultlines of revisionist religiosity and sectarian strains — the return of the old binary of Israeli-Arab hostilities can only flare up regressive passions and worse, distract global efforts from defeating terrorism from the region